Bias of an estimator - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_of_an_estimator
OverviewDefinitionExamplesMedian-unbiased estimatorsBias with respect to other loss functionsEffect of transformationsBias, variance and mean squared errorBayesian viewSuppose we have a statistical model, parameterized by a real number θ, giving rise to a probability distribution for observed data, , and a statistic which serves as an estimator of θ based on any observed data . That is, we assume that our data follows some unknown distribution (where θ is a fixed, unknown constant that is part of this distribution), and then we construct some estimator that maps observed data to values that we hope are close to θ. The bias of relative to is defined as
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